Richmond Defences

Outer-Line Crossing Mill Road

To the North was the Confederate Fort Gilmer, attacked but not captured, Sept. 29,1864. Southward, earthworks centering around Fort Harrison extended to James River. These protected Chaffin's Bluff which, with Drewry's Bluff opposite it, guarded the approaches ...

A Golden Dedication for I-90

The nation celebrated completion of Interstate 90 after contractors paved the last four-miles of freeway near Blue Earth in 1978. Reminiscent of the "Golden Spike" that symbolized completion of the nation's first transcontinental railroad in 1869, officials arranged to tint ...

The Founding of Thorold

During the construction of the original Welland Canal, 1824-1829, a number of communities sprung up along its length. Here, on land belonging to George Keefer, a village known as Thorold had developed by 1828. A large flouring mill was built ...

First New Jersey Brigade

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Infantry and Hexamer's Battery

September 17, 1862

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This stone marks the right of the Brigade when a little after noon, it was formed to charge the woods north of the Dunkard Church. The order was countermanded and the ...

Richmond Defences

Crossing of the Intermediate Line

Near this spot the Eastern face of the Intermediate Line of the Richmond Defences crossed the Williamsburg Road. About one-fourth mile Eastward was the Junction of Williamsburg and Charles City Roads, two of the main lines ...

Fort Carroll

One mile north of here, a stockade type depot was erected by a detail of the 7th Infantry, U.S.A. while on a march to the Kissimmee River. Built Jan. 22, 1841, it was named in honor of Sergeant-Major Francis Carroll ...

Richmond Defences

Crossing of the Outer Line

At this point the outer line of the Confederate Defences of Richmond crossed the Williamsburg Road. Begun after the Battle of Seven Pines and subsequently much strengthened, the Eastern face of this line was a continuous ...

The Cupola Furnace and Foundry

The cupola furnace was last used here as part of the carwheel foundry, where railroad carwheels were cast until the 1950’s. The wall in front of you is the back wall of the building, and the arch behind you is ...

Fort Christmas

As white settlers moved into Florida in the 1820's and 1830's, there were growing demands that the Seminole Indians be removed to a reservation west of the Mississippi. Efforts to convince the Seminoles to move failed, and in 1835 the ...

In Memorial to the Commercial Fisherman Lost at Sea

Down to the sea in ships they go, these chosen men of steel. Though mist and foam and northwest wind is pounding at the keel. So sail they must each crispy morn, away from trees and sod. The sea may ...