Political theories suggest that John C. Calhoun was a defender of American republicanism and Southern rights, while others distinguish the 19th century Vice-president, Senator, and Congressman from South Carolina as a defender of slavery. Frederick Douglass, a former slave, wrote that Calhoun "regards slavery as the very corner-stone of our republican institutions."

Calhoun, however, believed that protecting states' rights, even if it meant defending the institution of slavery in the South, was vital in preserving the republican principles.

As pro-abolitionist states gained strength in the Federal Government, this southern politician accurately predicted the imbalance would eventually lead the nation into civil war.

Marion Square, located in Charleston, South Carolina, is home to a monument dedicated to John C. Calhoun. Inside the cornerstone is, a flag used at his funeral, a section of his hair, a Revolutionary War cannon ball, one hundred dollars in Continental currency, and a written copy of his final speech to the U.S Senate.

Current historical opinions juxtapose Calhoun as one of the most brilliant Southern politicians of his time with his unforgivable defense of slavery.

These opposing beliefs are what make this man and his Memorial historically significant.