Tolo Lake, Idaho

*Adventurous Travel: roads not recommended for motor homes or vehicles towing trailers; usually passable from July to October*

Tolo Lake (Tip'xliwam) was the gathering spot for five nontreaty Nez Perce bands, over 700 people, in early June 1877. The women dug camas bulbs, preparing for the winter food supply. It was a time of visiting with friends and relatives from other bands. 

"During that spring, the Nez Perce gathered in camp at Camas Prairie...it came June and the Indians were having a good time gambling, horse-racing, and different sports.” 

– Lepít híisemtuks (Two Moons) 

By June 13, the chiefs were ready to move their peopleonto the reservation. Several young warriors, Wáalaytic(Shore Crossing), Sáapsis ’ilp’ílp (Red Mocassin Tops) and Wetyétmes wehéyqt (Swan Necklace), incensed by past injustices at the hands of white settlers, left the encampment that night and carried out a series of raids on local settlements, killing a number of people. The chiefs were in council when they heard about the raids on the Salmon River settlers. Fearing retribution, the council ended abruptly as people and stock were gathered to depart. 

 

Sustenance:
Nature provided the Niimíipuu with all of their daily needs: highly nutritious camas and biscuitroots; black lichen (hoopop), when baked, became a sweet treat; huckleberries and blackberries in summer; fish: salmon, steelhead, trout, sturgeon and lamprey; game animals: elk, deer, mountain sheep, and mountain goats; permanent springs on the high ridges, and perennial streams in the valleys; bunch grasses, ideal for grazing livestock.
The camas flower has an onion-like root that is delicious eaten raw, and when baked and dried provides a protein food source throughout the winter.

Credits and Sources:

NPNHT Auto Tour Route 1 Brochure